There was a time long ago when you couldn’t turn on your TV and not find The Warriors playing. It must’ve been the first movie ever syndicated or something because no matter what house you showed up at, what street you passed through, what party you attended, there was The Warriors. My memory of the film was formulated on these viewings. And I must admit, I haven’t seen it since. All I remember is that the movie had that indescribable something that made it unforgettable. Unforgettable good? Unforgettable bad? Unforgettably cheesy? It’s hard to say. Which is why today’s Ten Tips will be the first in the site’s history where I expect to note both good and bad screenwriting tips. I mean, there’s a roller-skating gang-leader. The movie was written and directed by Walter Hill (he worked off a screenplay by David Shaber, who adapted the script from Sol Yurick’s novel). Hill wrote and/or directed some good movies in his day like The Getaway, Hard Times and 48 Hours. Unfortunately, he had a really bad experience in 2000 with the movie Supernova. The studio wrestled the movie away from him, famously recutting it with numerous directors (even Francis Ford Coppola took a stab at it). The movie was famously awful and Hill said it was because it deviated heavily from his original darker vision (however, he claims to have never seen the film). Since then, Hill has worked mainly in the background of Hollywood, mostly in television.

1) ALWAYS WORKS – The wrongly accused protag! We will always love and root for the wrongly accused protagonist! Here, the Warriors have been wrongly accused of killing Cyrus, the beloved gang leader. It’s for this reason that everyone’s trying to take them out. Combined with The Warriors’ underdog status as a gang, it’s no wonder we root for them from the first page.

2) Don’t throw a female character in the script just to have a female character in the script – This tends to happen in macho male-driven films. The writer knows he needs a female lead but doesn’t want one, so he tosses one in there without any thought as to how or why she’s involved. This happens in The Warriors. The prostitute who hung with The Orphans just decides to join the Warriors for NO REASON. Come on now. As a writer, it’s your job to FIGURE OUT A WAY to get your female characters into the story naturally.

3) When the stakes are sky-high, simple scenes become awesome scenes – When the stakes are high (in this case, The Warriors can run into death at any corner), creating a simple objective with an obstacle in front of it can lead to a great scene. There’s a moment where the Warriors have to get to the train. But the Skinheads are blocking their way. We watch as the tension builds. They have to decide if they’re going to go or not. They finally make a run for it. A chase ensues. We’re on the edge of our seats wondering if they’ll be able to catch the train in time. It’s a simple scene, but one of the best in the movie. And it’s so simple!

4) If your characters are trying to outrun something, make sure you explain why they can’t just stay where they are – I had a problem with this here. Since there was no urgency in The Warriors (they didn’t need to be anywhere by a set time), I didn’t understand why they couldn’t just stay put and leave the next night when the city was less volatile. There are vague references to dangerous cops and gangs finding them. But it seemed to be a lot more dangerous trying to get home rather than staying put. This is why a ticking time bomb always works. It explains why your characters can’t stay put.

5) Is backstory bad? – Walter Hill has an interesting take on backstory. This is what he says: “I very purposely — more and more so every time I do a script — give characters no back story. The way you find out about these characters is by watching what they do, the way they react to stress, the way they react to situations and confrontations. In that way, character is revealed through drama rather than being explained through dialogue.”

Our villain: Luther

6) Counterpoint – Backstory ain’t so bad – I see Hill’s point. Exploring characters through their actions is one of the best ways to develop them. More importantly, it keeps the story in the present, where movies work best. But these days, actors, producers and readers need more from their characters. They need to feel like those characters have lived a life. Backstory does that. The trick is to keep the backstory relevant and never give more than you have to.

7) Never underestimate the power of a simple plot – Hill, who was given a draft of The Warriors before writing his own draft, loved the “extreme narrative simplicity and stripped down quality of the script.” Looking back at it, I think that’s why the movie had such an impact on children, in addition to adults. A stripped down plot means every audience member, no matter what age, will be able to understand what’s going on. If you then want to up the adult appeal, add complexity through themes or social commentary or characters, whatever floats your boat.

8) Your main characters shouldn’t be wimps – One thing I realized when re-watching The Warriors was: THESE GUYS ARE WIMPS! They’re always running away. They’re only fighting when they’re cornered. If you have a macho hero-driven movie, make your hero a hero! Have him go after the prize instead of running or hiding. Obviously, in chase movies, your hero will be on the run. But when the opportunity arises and it makes sense, have them stand up for themselves. There wasn’t enough of that here.

9) Beware the Split-Up Paradox – In movies with group protagonists, there’s inevitably a time when the group splits up. My suggestion to you? Think twice before doing this. Watching The Warriors, I was all in for the first 40 minutes. Then, I noticed my concentration wandering. I wasn’t as into it. That’s when I realized the gang had split into three (or maybe four?) mini-groups. I wasn’t sure where any of them were or what they were trying to do. If you’re going to split up your characters, KNOW that this could be a problem and take counter-measures. Keep each mini-storyline focused (give them goals, makes sure we know where they are). And just like the overall story, try to give urgency to these tangents. If you don’t, our minds will start to wander.

10) Write your villain to steal the show – I read SO MANY boring villains with no personality. It’s no wonder I forget them the instant I put down the script. Honestly, I can count the number of memorable villains I’ve read in screenplays this year on one hand! To prevent this, write your villain to steal the show. Make SURE he’s memorable. Luther, despite having something like 5 minutes in the film, is a villain I still remember to this day. He’s small (unlike a typical villain). He’s a weasel. He’s a bully. He’s got a temper. But the big thing is, he just LOVES to have fun. He leads the charge when it’s time to get into trouble and he loves it. “Warrr-eee-orrrrs, come out to play-ye-yeeee.” If your villain ain’t stealing the show, you probably have a weak villain.

Genre: Comedy
Premise: A young family must deal with a legendary party-happy fraternity moving in next door to them.
About: This flick stars Seth Rogen and Zac Efron. It seems to have been written on assignment, as references to all the real actors are scattered everywhere in the script. The writers also appear to be longtime collaborators with Judd Apatow, starting as low-level producers on his movies, then moving up the ladder. This will be their first feature credit. Nicholas Stoller (Forgetting Sarah Marshall) is directing.
Writers: Andrew Jay Cohen & Brendan O’Brien
Details: 111 pages

Man, it’s been a weird weekend, hasn’t it? I went up to Portland for Thanksgiving, where I’ve realized every guy has a shaved head and two-foot beard. I don’t want to say it’s starting to get clique-y, but it was no fun feeling like one of the uncool beardless kids. I then come home to find out that Paul Walker, the star of a franchise based on really fast cars, died in a really fast car accident. In the midst of thinking how shitty that was, my mind drifted into the logistics of finishing a film so dependent on Paul’s character (Fast & Furious 7). This will be the most difficult rewrite a movie of this size has ever had to deal with, with a cast-member’s death during production. I honestly don’t know how they’re going to do it without completely rewriting the movie and starting over.

Then I went and saw Delivery Man, wanting to laugh and feel better about life. Strangely, the movie took every opportunity where a big laugh was about to come and pulled back. It was like that girl who keeps leading you on, implying she’s interested, yet every time you ask her out, she comes up with an excuse. Talk about frustrating.  And then I finish the weekend with this script, which starts off with our three main characters talking to someone with their balls hanging out of their zippers. At that point, what do you do?

I know, I know. You’re expecting another “Comedy Screenwriting Apocalypse” review from me. And after that scene, I was too. Well the JOKE’S (get it? Cause it’s a comedy!) on you. Because I liked Townies. It’s one of those “in spite of” comedy experiences where you’re defending your laughing to other people, but you’re laughing nonetheless.

And speaking of jokes, I gotta give it to the man I thought was a joke, Zacky Efron. 99 out of a 100 of his types have come and gone in this business in the blink of an eye. But he’s still around, even though he looks like a weird white version of a Japanese animated character. The guy’s getting involved in the right projects, and this is another perfect match for him. Way to go Zac.

Mac went to college in the 90s when cell phones were mini-tanks being bought up by former Russian provinces for future wars and you communicated with others via how grungy your clothes looked and how many Nirvana lyrics you could recite by memory. Gold stars if you were able to pull off a full goatee.

And you know what? Mac loved college. He loved it so much that he married his college sweetheart, Kelly, and bought the piece of shit house they lived in while at school. Well, a lot of time has passed since then. The two have a daughter now. And they’re STILL living in the same house. As you’d expect, the wifey is NOT okay with this.  She wants to move to a “normal” neighborhood. But Mac can’t stand the thought of moving out of this box of wonderful memories. He’d stay here for the rest of his life if he could.

So yeah, everything gets janky when Kappa Sigma moves next door. All of a sudden, Mac and Kelly are trying to raise a child next to a frat house. This house is led by the one and only Teddy Sanders, a senior who is bent on continuing Kappa Sigma’s tradition of pioneering partying. These guys are the Facebook of the frat partying world, inventing things like Beer Pong and the “boot and rally” (which I’d never heard of until this script – why would you want to throw up in your boot?).

So Teddy wants to create the greatest end-of-the-year party in college history where every single frat member will get laid (he’s calling it “The Full House” – not sure why).  This is the last straw for Kelly.  She tells Mac if he can’t do something about that frat, she’s out of here.  The screenplay then amounts to Mac and his loser buddies trying to get the frat kicked out so he can continue to live in his house. But when Teddy and the frat learn they’re being fucked with, they call an all-out war on Mac. Needless to say, there will be many a casualty before this is over.

Townies opens with a montage showing our main characters growing up in college. I wouldn’t say it’s boring. But it’s not the kind of thing you’d ever see in a spec script (which this isn’t). Montages are generally boring, used to show the passing of time. The beginning of a spec is when you want to pull your reader in. Not bore them away. Which is why I’m always fascinated by this dichotomy.

When you’re writing on assignment, you have so much freedom to take your time. You’re working with producers who generally know what’s coming, so shit, if you want to start your script with a character-intro montage, start with a character-intro montage!

If you’re writing a spec, however, you’re working with no one, and therefore you have to write a compelling first scene that immediately pulls the reader in (like the boat scene I just discussed in Deep Blue Sea in the newsletter). I find it funny that a slow opening scene or a compelling opening scene in the movies is often dictated by whether the person is writing on spec or on assignment.

Anyway, Townies doesn’t get laid. But it does hook up. The structure of this script is solid. You have Mac, whose goal is to take down the frat house. You have Teddy, whose goal is to throw the most epic party ever. And you have Kelly, whose goal is to buy a new house. Since all of these goals are in conflict with each other, you have a lot of funny scenes.

And you have a story that’s constantly evolving in order to keep this plot – which could’ve run out of ideas in twenty pages – moving.

What I mean by “evolving” is, this starts out with Mac and his friends trying to take down Kappa Sigma. Right as that’s about to get old, they convince Kelly to help them. Kelly (who’s smarter and more manipulative than them) adds a new dimension to their strategy. She gives them ideas they never would’ve thought of. Then, as that thread’s starting to burn out, Teddy catches wind that Mac’s trying to take him down, and he turns the tables and goes after THEM.

Identifying those moments where a story thread is running out of stream and finding a way to infuse the story with a new hit of heroin is one of those essential storytelling skills that isn’t talked about enough. Had this script been written by an amateur, it probably would have been one continuous set of attacks by Mac that would’ve gotten stale quickly. It’s important to look for those things that shift the balance of the story just enough that it feels a little different.

And you know, I laughed a lot here. There’s a scene where Mac and Kelly’s daughter swallows a condom thrown over from the frat (thinking it’s a balloon). They take her to the hospital and must explain how their six year-old daughter swallowed a condom. There were these hazing flashbacks that are beyond anything you can imagine (think Human Centipede), where college dishes like “the vommelette” are introduced. I kept shaking my head, not believing I was laughing. But I couldn’t help myself.  There’s some inventive stuff in here!

The only big issues I found were that the relationships at the frat weren’t well-defined. It wasn’t clear whose was whose girlfriend – that kind of thing. And we seemed to be on the cusp of developing Teddy as a character (a brief glimpse of him realizing he was ill-prepared for the real world) but nothing came of it. I like when villains change. So it sucked that we didn’t get to see him arc more. I give them credit for trying, though. A lot of writers would’ve never taken us in that frat house to begin with unless our main characters were there. Cohen and O’Brien tried to give that world a little more weight.

I don’t know if I’m ready to anoint this a classic. But it’s a good comedy. Assuming people want to see it (I think they will), they should leave the theater telling their friends to see it as well. And if that’s the case, we’ll have a hit on our hands.

[ ] what the hell did I just read?
[ ] wasn’t for me
[xx] worth the read
[ ] impressive
[ ] genius

What I learned: When you’re giving your main characters goals, look to put all of those goals in conflict with one another. That’s what creates drama in your screenplay. Teddy wants to keep the frat house. Mac wants him out. Kelly wants to move to a new house. Mac wants to stay in this one. None of the principle characters agree. Which is what leads to conflict. And conflict is what makes comedies funny (think about it, when has a comedy been funny when everyone’s on the same page?).

This is your chance to discuss the week’s amateur scripts, offered originally in the Scriptshadow newsletter. The primary goal for this discussion is to find out which script(s) is the best candidate for a future Amateur Friday review. The secondary goal is to keep things positive in the comments with constructive criticism.

Below are the scripts up for review, along with the download links. Want to receive the scripts early? Head over to the Contact page, e-mail us, and “Opt In” to the newsletter.

Happy reading!

TITLE: Capital Punishment
GENRE: Action/Sci-Fi
LOGLINE: An attorney travels back in time where he battles corrupt FBI agents in a race to save his brother’s life.
WHY YOU SHOULD READ: In preparation for my upcoming free ebook, I dug up all the scripts I ever wrote. This was collecting dust in a box. I wrote it 20 years ago and only showed it to a few people before moving on to another script. Starting with its title, CAPITAL PUNISHMENT is a throwback to the Arnold Schwarzenegger films of the eighties.

TITLE: Benevolence of the Butcher
GENRE: Action
LOGLINE: When a group of bank robbers risks their own safety to protect a woman who is shot at the front door of their hideout, they are attacked by an unrelenting army determined to kill everyone who helped the wounded stranger.
WHY YOU SHOULD READ: This is a story about a group of six people who must ask themselves how much they are willing to sacrifice to help others. When universal healthcare, the one percent, and wealth redistribution are buzz words on every news website, a story that asks us what it really means to live in a capitalistic, competitive world and what we must be willing to give purely for the sake of our fellowman is a narrative full of questions I believe are worth asking. This theme is explored with nonstop action and in one location for a marketable film at a very reasonable budget.

This is the sixth draft of my ninth screenplay and I am finally confident enough to give the readers of SS a look. I am hoping to learn a lot from the comments of everyone and hopefully everyone willing to read it will learn something as well.

TITLE: MOTHERF—ER
GENRE : Comedy
LOGLINE: As Matthew and Helen get involved in a steamy affair, they must keep their secret from one person: Rachel, Helen’s daughter and Matthew’s best friend.
WHY YOU SHOULD READ: I know you’ll like it because this is a comedy that has a very strong hook with a lot of built-in conflict. It also goes to unexpected places and the feedback I’ve received from reader around town is that the characters and the relationships are well-developed. Also, at 96 pages it’s a very quick and easy read.

TITLE: MUK
GENRE: Horror
LOGLINE: A knife wielding serial-killer harvests human souls for Hell, and his name is MUK.
WHY YOU SHOULD READ: I’ve wanted to write a slasher film ever since I saw Halloween in my early teens. I’m in my early forties now and I’ve finally done it. I’ve taken everything I know, love and loath about the sub-genre and put it into this script, which took me about eight months to complete. I am proud of what I accomplished and I think horror fans will love it.

This script is not for the meek or weak of heart. It’s a brutal story. A lot of people die and badly. Ye been warned.

TITLE: A Lot of Blood
GENRE: Contained Thriller
LOGLINE: After two friends leave the bar after a night of drinking, they discover their car missing
from the parking lot, an RV in its place, and a woman trapped inside.
WHY YOU SHOULD READ: Coming from a fiction background has been challenging. But, I have worked with Victor Miller to find my voice in terms of saying what I want, and saying what the audience wants to hear. I think there is so much more that a story can tell that goes beyond the page and beyond the stage.

Happy Scriptsgiving everyone! While this masquerades as a day to spend with family, I think we all know (especially those of you with 9 to 5 jobs) that once the dinner ends, it’s an entire night to work on your latest script!  Which is why I decided to put you in the script mindset.  One of the coolest things bouncing around the screenwriting community these days is this info graphic.  This guy’s a reader who read over 300 scripts and broke them down via tons of criteria.  Some of the conclusions are enlightening.  Some are shocking (10% female writers?).  I’m kinda jealous actually.  I wish I’d logged all this stuff in an excel spreadsheet myself.  A sample size of 6000 would’ve allowed us to conclude some very definitive trends in screenwriting.  Anyway, I’m including a smaller graphic below.  Click here or on the picture to get a more detailed look.  What do you guys think?

Genre: Crime/Mob Drama
Premise: (from Black List) A gritty, contemporary retelling of THE COUNT OF MONTE CRISTO set in the underworld of the Hell’s Kitchen Irish mob.
About: This script finished with 4 votes on the 2008 Black List. It was later purchased by Phoenix Pictures, which has made Black Swan and Shutter Island. The idea is to make an underground crime/mob film in the style of Heat. It’s unclear where the project is now in the development process. The writing team of McGreevey and Shipman have since moved into television, creating and working on the series “Hemlock Grove” on Netflix.
Writers: Brian McGreevey & Lee Shipman
Details: 125 pages

While this script wasn’t for me, I fully admit that if you put Denzel Washington in it, it’ll be an instant hit!

Oh man. I always get sucked in by the “Monte Cristo” angle. “Oh yeah, sure. Monte Cristo storyline? I’ll read it!” Dingbat. How come I keep making that mistake?? Hindsight is 20/30 but I didn’t even need glasses to know that this genre wasn’t my thing. Never has been. The names. Ahhh, the names! They’re all the same! Jimmy and Jerry and Eddie and Jackie. Who’s who? Who knows! Every time, it happens. I don’t know if it’s because these scripts aren’t my thing or if these stories just don’t translate on the page. But I feel like I should’ve known better.

And I wanted today to be a happy review day! With Thanksgiving coming up, I’m going to be gone until Monday. So I wanted to leave a spec rainbow behind me. I had this vision of thousands of screenwriters being inspired then racing to their computers to finish their scripts this weekend. The whole reason I pluck these old scripts out of Forgottenville is in the hopes of finding that shiny overlooked gem. “Once Upon A Time” was essentially in the same spot on the Black List as Chris Terrio’s “The Ends of The Earth.” So I figured, we have a shot here. Oh, giblet sauce!

Anyway, so here’s the story. Finn Morgan and Eddie Donovan are best friends. One of them’s a good guy who’s going to be a lawyer (Eddie). The other is the next in line to control the city’s mob (Finn). Since their friendship wouldn’t be complete without a woman, we’ve got Molly, who’s with Eddie, but who Finn is clearly in love with. I think we know where this is going.

Finn kills a really important dude in town and frames Eddie for the murder, all in a not-so-subtle attempt to make Molly his own. When Eddie is then murdered in prison, Finn’s home free with his plan-o-love, and Molly reluctantly hops aboard the Finn Express.

Too bad the train stops at Eddie-is-still-alive Station! Yup, Eddie befriends some old guy in prison who helps him dig a hole out of the place and escape. It’s a little confusing why Eddie was mistaken to be dead in the first place, but a lot of that had to do with the fact that there’s so many people and so many things going on in the script, it’s hard to keep up.

One of those things is that we’re jumping back and forth between two different timelines, one set in the present, when Eddie comes back from prison, and one set 15 years ago, where we see Eddie betrayed and sent to prison. Tons of characters and lots of intricate storylines are hard to make clear on their own. Add intercutting time lines and we’re talking a whoopee cushion of confusion. Not to mention we’re also flashing back WITHIN the present time period, adding yet another timeframe to keep track of. Ouch. My head hurts!

Eventually, after we see all this stuff take place over about 90 pages, it becomes a revenge tale, with Eddie wanting to get payback for being framed by his supposed buddy (and losing his girl!). I kept waiting for the big Monte Cristo hook to happen, where Eddie got rich and powerful, but it never happened (sad face emoticon). Instead, the Monte Cristo thing was limited to an old man helping Eddie escape prison.

This script was a bit like Thanksgiving Dinner. You’re excited at first. You get to see all your family and how everyone’s doing and enjoy a nice meal. But it soon turns into a confusing mess where parents are asking you what you’re doing with your life and pointing out all of your mistakes and telling you to save money, leaving you feeling confused and frustrated. Okay, so it’s not exactly like a Thanksgiving Dinner. But I’m trying to tie in the holiday dammit.

Or wait. Maybe it’s more like Black Friday. You show up at 4 a.m., wait in line. Everyone is excited about all the great discounts they’re going to get so you all become best friends. Then the doors open and everyone becomes animals, out for themselves. Pretty soon you don’t know where you are or why you even came in the first place. The day ends up with you sitting in the video game section covered in discount games screaming “Why!! WHYYYYY????!!!.” Hmmm. Don’t know if that was much better.

Okay, outside of the obvious, that this script was so freaking hard to keep up with (I don’t feel like the writers had ever read a script before – if they had, they’d have known how difficult this was to read), it simply didn’t move fast enough. The big plot moment – when Finn frames Eddie – doesn’t come until page 57. FIFTY-SEVEN! The movie’s halfway over by that point. That moment should’ve happened on page 17.

And the reason it didn’t is because the writers committed to this dual time-frame approach, which I’m thinking was a mistake. Essentially, for 56 pages, we’re given backstory on how these guys are friends. Backstory is story that stands still. Present story is story that moves forward. There are examples of backstory being interesting (Lost did this well) but it’s almost always a fool’s game. Audiences are interested in the here and now.  And even more interested in what comes next.

I would’ve gotten to the betrayal quicker, shown Eddie adapting to life in prison, shown the breakout, then shown him rise up the ranks in the gang, possibly as a different person, then kill Finn. Although I guess that’s sort of like Gangs of New York, so maybe you play with it more. The point is, do something where the story is always pushing forward instead of always jumping back.

Which brings us back (ironically) to dual timelines. This approach is notoriously harder to pull off because a) it’s more complex and b) because you’re covering two stories, it takes you twice as long to get to everything. A few weeks ago we covered a dual-timeline script that worked – Fathers & Daughters – and a big reason for that was that it was a simple story. Just two characters. So jumping around didn’t confuse anything. Here, there’s so much going on that when you added the jumping back and forth, it became too much to bear. I think you need to think long and hard about using the dual-timeline approach. What is your reason for doing it? If it’s stylistic or “different to be different,” drop it. But if you think it’s absolutely positively essential to telling your story (no other way will work better), that’s when you do the dual-timeline.

Somewhere, buried inside this script, is a good story. But right now it’s more complicated than it needs to be. I’m sure there have been some rewrites since. Hopefully they addressed these issues.

[ ] what the hell did I just read?
[x] wasn’t for me
[ ] worth the read
[ ] impressive
[ ] genius

What I learned: Read scripts. By reading scripts, you understand where readers get tripped up and you’re able to avoid those pitfalls. Writers who don’t read scripts tend to overpopulate their stories, over-complicate their plotlines and write vaguely. That’s how “Once Upon A Time” read to me. If you don’t have access to scripts, ask some of the folks here in the comments section for help. They can get you some of the scripts that are floating around out there.